Progressive Movement Practice Exam

What movement aimed at addressing political corruption through reforms such as the direct election of senators?

1. Labor movement

2. Progressive movement

3. Environmental movement

4. Socialist movement

The correct answer is: Progressive movement

The Progressive Movement was a significant social and political effort in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that sought to address various issues stemming from industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption. A central aspect of this movement was the push for reforms that would increase democracy and reduce the influence of corruption in government. One of the hallmark reforms championed by the Progressives was the direct election of senators, which aimed to diminish the power of political machines and lobbyists who often influenced the appointment of senators in state legislatures. This was ultimately realized with the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, which mandated the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote, thus making the political process more democratic and accountable to the people. While the other movements listed address important social issues—labor rights, environmental conservation, and socialist ideas—all were more focused on different aspects of reform or change. The labor movement primarily sought to improve working conditions and secure rights for workers. The environmental movement focuses on conservation and the protection of natural resources. The socialist movement advocates for social ownership and the redistribution of wealth, differing from the specific electoral reforms emphasized by the Progressive Movement.